Rome Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rome - Assignment Example Along the road, there are both aristocratic tombs and the more common and simple tombs. One of the aristocratic tombs along the road is for Cecilia Metella who was a roman consul’s daughter. Lastly, the Via Appia had economic importance. It was used by roman merchants who wanted to access the south eastern seaports of Italy. Ostia sits on river Tiber’s mouth. It is at this port where ships from the Mediterranean docked. Subsequently, they unloaded cargo into barges which was then transported upriver to Rome. Therefore, the city of Ostia was significant to Rome since it had vital shipping interests. Many items and goods entered Rome via the port of Ostia such as wine, oil, olive and food. As such, the port was quite important for Rome. Monte Testaccio stands as a detritus mountain in a city characterized by storied hills. The romans used Monte Testaccio as a rubbish dump. All amphorae originating from the Roman Empire’s provinces were dumped in monte testaccio. During the roman era, amphorae were the primary container used for the storage and transportation of goods. Due to their re usability and low cost, these containers were produced en masse, although most of them ended up at the dump site. Most of the containers (amphorae) discarded at Monte Testaccio were used to carry olive oil. Continuous dumping of these containers led to the creation of Monte Testaccio. Imperial dye was made from a specific type of sea snails found in the Mediterranean Sea. The romans would extract the hypobranchial gland from the snails and salt added to the resulting juice. Next, the liquid was boiled down to form imperial dye. The marble map of Rome was drawn between 203 to 211 CE. It covered a whole wall inside Rome‘s Pacis Templum. The map illustrated or showed the ground plan of each and every architectural structure in the old city. Thus, the marble map featured structures ranging from the vast public

Internet: How It Changes Traditional Marketing

Internet: How It Changes Traditional Marketing Nowadays, the technology and telecommunication are non-stop developing. These developments lead to the changes of different sectors in different industries. The appearance of search engines such as Google, Yahoo or shopping online with eBay, Amazon is gradually changing the customer shopping trend and it also changes the marketing models to E-marketing instead of Traditional marketing models. The posed question is what E-marketing is all about. According to one of the most famous Marketing authors, Philip Kotler, Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. In other words, marketing is not only the activities to make products come closer to customers, it also creating the awareness of customer about the products, stimulate the purchase, consolidate positive feeling, keep tracking customer complain to adapt the products in order to best suit the customers tastes. E-marketi ng is an element of marketing. The prefix e in eMarketing is considered as electronic. E-marketing uses electronic devices such as computer with Internet, interactive ness or mobile marketing channels. to understand completely about E-marketing matter, lets delve into this topic. II. Critical impact of Internet and the difference between traditional and E-marketing: As well as traditional marketing, eMarketing does all things of marketing but in the electronic sectors. However, traditional marketing has some disadvantages that eMarketing can surmount and improve them. Talking about traditional marketing methods, the first names which are considered immediately will be advertisement on the press, radio, TV or publication. Marketing by ads on newspaper has appeared for a long time and still exists. Although that is a long-standing model of marketing but it has some disadvantages that can be easy to list. A newspaper is updated everyday and information will be the same. It means that all the information of a yesterday newspaper will be old and it can not be the trend if its information is not updated. If a company puts their advertisement on a newspaper, it will be valuable or has validity in the day when that newspaper is published. To refresh and make their advertisement still be closer and attracts customer, the company must to pay more for the updated and keep the place of advertisement on newspaper which they has paid for it before. Thus, today, many companies choose eMarketing as their main marketing strategy instead of traditional marketing like the years ago. Take an example of Tokyo hair salon Mano Mano. For an advertisement on Tuoi Tre newspaper with full page and the text of their promotion al programs , Mano Mano must to pay more than 3 million VND but it just exist for 1 day. To appear on Tuoi Tre again with the same position, Mano Mano must to pay again, at the same price. Now, they change their mind and choose www.tuoitre.com.vn with advertisement section to put their advertisement. Although the space for their ad is not the full site of the web but it appears in customer first look. Obviously, the cost for this marketing method is decreased significantly. Furthermore, Mano Mano ad is available 24/7, a thing that traditional marketing can not do. The next popular method of traditional marketing is Radio. In 198 0s, 1990s, radio is one of the most favorite entertaining channels of human. Based on that, businesses chose radio to do marketing was very commonly used. Among the programs, stations broadcasted the advertisement of products from any industries such as cuisine, fashion, technology, etc. However, like the press, radio programs and advertisement on radio was just one day information and need to be updated. This changing leads to the changing of cost. Companies paid too much for their marketing plan. Nowadays, radio is replaced by audio and podcast. Besides, TV is the most popular device to put advertisement on and it can make products com closest to customer. Thus, the price to make ad on TV is extreme high. Instead of choosing TV, businesses can choose video files to introduce their products and it will be shown on the websites and of course, companies do not need to pay much. The advantage of this method is help businesses to reach closer to clients and also help producer to worldw ide their market and potential clients, also. Take example of Vietnam Idol program. This is the Vietnamese version of the very famous program from USA, American Idol. Although Vietnam Idol appeared the first time 3 years ago but organizer still does marketing as best as possible. They made the clip in their own way and put it on the popular website. Beside the main website, www.vietnamidol.com.vn, the organizer also buys the space in the entertaining websites which have the high turn of accession in Vietnam such as www.mp3.zing.vn , www.24h.com.vn or in the most famous networking in Vietnam, Facebook. The other example is YourSingapore.com. This is the website of Singapore Tourism Board which supplies all information and news about Singapore tourism with so many functions for customer to choose. Like Vietnam Idol, this website choose Facebook to reach closer to global customer. In customer side, eMarketing or marketing online helps them to search their favorite products faster and m ore exactly. As mentioned above, internet development has lead to the appearance of search engines that Google is the best evidence ever. Google is known as the best website for searching information in any sectors. People go online and type google.com for news, global financial news and of course, the products. It is the fastest way to look for the interesting goods. To satisfy this practice of customer, almost the companies, suppliers or producers have their own website to do eMarketing for their goods for products. Besides, they also put advertisements on the other websites which have a good accession to promote their products. This is the good way for companies to reach to customer. With these argument, it is easy to see the advantages of eMarketing. It can help companies control the exact number of customer who interest in their products by checking the number of visitor. In addition, companies can also get information about customers ability to pay for a product or their behav ior to upcoming product. Furthermore, eMarketing support companies to make surveys easily and based on that, companies can get customer information, interests and comments that can help them to improve their product. The companies can control the attractiveness customer easily and also ensure business running. Therefore, eMarketing has changed the traditional marketing of companies and also changed the habit of customer. III. E-marketing and Segmentation: Discuss about the segmentation that Internet can change the traditional marketing in the aspect of, as mentioned above; Internet has changed the trend of choosing and purchasing of customer. However, it does not mean that everybody will use Internet as their engine to find the products or services information. It depends on geographic and demographic of consumer. With customers, who live and work in urban areas, using Internet to search and purchase goods is the best way for them to save their time and their money, also. In the developed countries such as USA, Japan or EU, internet marketing is commonly used and people has accustomed with searching online for their interested goods. Based on that, doing E-marketing in the developed countries is the smart choice for companies to enlarge their market and make their products reach customer. Take example of E-marketing in USA. This is the country which is known as one of the powerful countries in the world. With the developed economy and technological development in USA, E-marketing seems to be an important method in doing marketing. The famous website and the large number of customer around the world that can be listed as eBay Corp. at www.ebay.com , Wikipedia at www.wikipedia.com or tourism in USA at www.USAtourism.com can be the best evidences for E-marketing is this country. Although marketing on Internet is very common in the world but there are some countries, where people do not how to use computer, still exist and Bangladesh is an example. Known as a country which has the third Islam in the world and the economy is under-developed. With the per capita income in 2008 was US$520 compared with US$10,200 of the worlds average, it can be recognized easily that almost people who live here have the low livings (Wikipedia, 2010). Because of those low livings, people do not have ability to have the general idea about purchasing online or marketing on Internet. With Bangladesh people, before purchasing a product or u sing a service, they must to try it first and if it satisfies their needs, they will decide to choose it then. Thus, to the companies in Bangladesh, doing E-marketing will be the worst method and they can not do that. Although not all Bangladeshi can not use computer and online services but the number of people who can do they is small and it just happens in the head offices. Thus, E-marketing will not develop in the countries like Bangladesh. Those arguments above are concerned with geographic and now will be the concerns with demographic of consumer. Depends on the age, gender or income, customer will have different identifications and behaviors about marketing online. Normally, consumers who are younger will be interested in learning about favorite online and shopping online than older. In young peoples opinions, internet can support them to search all details of goods faster and the information is updated. Beside that, with younger people, who are living in the developing times, time is very important and all they want to do is must convenient for them to save their time, as much as possible. In other words, with Internet, young people just need to stay in their place, take the mouse and make a search for the term that they interest, then, burdensome of information will appear. They just click and buy, and after that, the goods will be delivered. Customer may be charged the shipping fee or not depends on the location. Unlike to young people, the older has the different idea that internet just show the general information about product. After deciding to purchase one kind of goods, they will go to the store, take a look and touch directly to their interested product and try it on. If it works well and satisfies all their needs, they will buy it. In other words, the older want to choose the product directly that they ensure it will not have any mistakes in general. Besides the age, different gender can make different behavior to E-marketing. Almost the men l ike gadget and digital equipments. These goods are updated and almost of them are advertised on internet that their loyal and potential customer can get the updated information or updated of products. In other side, women, their interest is all about fashion and with this item, customer must to touch directly and try it on their bodies to get the exact and perfect product for them. Women go online and search for the new trends or prestige tailor or fashion designer that they can get the gorgeous ones from. Therefore, to the men, internet can help them to find out and purchase the best products ever but, to women, its just the engine to get information only. IV. E-marketing and Targeting: With the things have just been mentioned above, its easy to see the target of E-marketing or marketing on Internet will focus on the objects which are the younger customers, customers who have the income from middle level, officers and people who do not have enough time to go real shopping. V. E-marketing and Differentiation: Differentiation is how companies make the difference among the competitors. With the support from Internet, many companies build the website for their own. Making differentiation is the action that concerns with products, services, personnel, channel and image. To impress customer who visit website, companies must to give them alternative as much as possible that they can make decision. Besides, companies must give customer the attractive price of products or packages that they can make comparison with other competitors. The more customization the website has, the more different they are. VI. E-marketing and Positioning: Mentioning about the positioning of companies when using E-marketing, it is how they embed their brand in customers mind. Take Apple as evidence. With the very famous products such as iPod after generations, iPhone, Mac or iTunes, Apple has the numerous customer for its own. There are three reasons why Apple can do that. They are well-known with high technological products and services; the innovation in digital devices and user friendly products. Therefore, whenever a new product of Apple is upcoming, it always receives the best attention of customer ever. Today, Apple has its own position in customers mind and its always the first choice in some decisions of customer. VII. E-marketing and Product: With the convenience of E-marketing is the function of leaving comments of customer, companies can learn more from customer comments and then, they can improve their products to be better. In other side, with using E-marketing, companies can support their customer to taste the new products via betas or trials. Take example of Advance Device Lock Pro. This is a software product to protect mobile device from hackers or make them be safe with passwords. This software appeared a couple year ago it has attracted more customers. For people who know about this software for the first and interest to try, Advance Device Lock Pro will give them trial version in 7 days that customer can try it free in those days. After 7 days, if customer is interested in this software, they will pay about à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬15 to have full version. Furthermore, E-marketing can help companies to have the multiview about customer needs, and based on that, the new products will be appeared to satisfy all customer tas tes VIII. E-marketing and Price: In traditional marketing, companies must to pay much for overheads like store, transportation, delivery or maintenance cost, etc. If using E-marketing instead of traditional marketing, companies can save lots of money. Take example of hotel booking online. With the customers information on booking online, hotels can manage the quantity of coming customer and they can be proactive in coordination of staffs, foods and the others. In other aspect, E-marketing support hotels compare their prices to the competitors. Ho Tram Beach Resort is a 4-star resort which is located in Ba Ria-Vung Tau province. In their website at www.hotramresort.com , room rate for a Sea View Suit is US$ 303 and customer can book room immediately after checking the rate. However, the price will be discounted a little bit if customer call directly to resorts reception. The point is, the rate on website is competitive price with other resort in same location. Thus, customer can check and compare the price among comp etitors. The competitive and attractive price combine with the impressive design and services will be the plus point for Ho Tram Beach Resort in customers mind. IX. E-marketing and Distribution and CRM: The kind of online products as E-books, E-consult, E- learning or software reach the world wide in accepted conditions such as politic, technology and infrastructure. In CRM aspect, E-marketing helps companies adjust their marketing offering fit to customer individual need. Moreover, it can understand the changing taste of customer, and then, prepare to launch the new products. Take Amazon.com as an example. This is the world wide retailer with numerous brand names and million accession everyday. To purchase goods on www.amazon.com , customer should sign in so they can receive the recommendation to your choice. By signing in, www.amazon.com can know which product their customers are most interested in. If customer has changed their interest, Amazon.com can also manage that and give them the suit recommendation for them. X. Conclusion: Technological development which specific is internet has not only changed a issue but also the whole world. The appearance of internet and Marketing on internet, E-marketing, has changed a habit in selling and purchasing. Although some disadvantages still exist but E-marketing has contributed to the global economic development and its also the bridge between customer and companies and make them reach closer.

We Can End World Hunger Essay examples -- Argumentative Persuasive Ess

     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past ten years the world population exceeded six billion people with most of the growth occurring in the poorest, least developed countries in the world. The rapidly increasing population and the quickly declining amount of land are relative and the rate at which hunger is increasing rises with each passing year. We cannot afford to continue to expand our world population at such an alarming rate, for already we are suffering the consequences. Hunger has been a problem for our world for thousands of years. But now that we have the technology and knowledge to stamp it out, time is running short. Food security is one of the largest problems facing our world today. To be "food secure" a country must have enough food to feed its population and be capable of feeding its growing population in the future. About 700 million people today do not have enough food available to keep themselves healthy. They are plagued by hunger, malnutrition, disease, and death. One reason that many third world countries are not food secure is that they do not have the technology to keep up with the growth in population. For example, in many countries crop fields cannot be worked to their full potential. One way to help solve this problem is to bring unused machinery, which has been exceeded by our technology to these countries. But it takes more than just bringing the technology to them; we need to teach them to use it and to grow from it. Everything that grows begins with a foundation. But likewise, if we try to build something without a foundation, it won't grow. If we help other countries build a foundation for themselves, they can grow into independent self-sufficient countries of their own. But if we simply do... ...inds to address the food for the future. Helping people help themselves is the only lasting help.    Works Cited Barraclough, Solon L. An End to Hunger? The Social Origins of Food Strategies. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1991. Boucher, Douglas M. The Paradox of Plenty: Hunger in a Bountiful World. Oakland, California: Food First Books, 1999. Asimov, Isaac. "Borlaug, Norman." World Book Encyclopedia. 1979 ed. Brown, Lester R. Who Will Feed China? Wake-Up Call for a Small Planet. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995. Lobo, Vinay. http://www.selfhelpinternational.org/about.html. September 29, 2001. McGovern, George. The Third Freedom: Ending Hunger in Our Time. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001. http://www.heifer.org/end_hunger/index.html. September 29, 2001. http://www.cartercenter.org/agriculture.html. September 29, 2001

Cafr Instructions

ACC 4043/6043 Governmental Accounting CAFR CASES Instructions: Obtain a copy of a recent Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR). You are to answer the attached questions for CAFRs 1 to 5. You do not have to do the other ones. In responding to the questions, recognize that yes and no answers are generally not sufficient. I am allocating significant points to these cases, and I want your answers to indicate that you have read and understood the information presented in your CAFR.For example, in question (d) in Chapter 1, don’t just say yes the CARF does contain an organizational chart, a table of contents, a list of principal officials, and so on, but list them and be descriptive of what you find. If you run into terms that you are not familiar with, check the index at the back of the book to find where it is discussed, or you can ask me. I am available to help if you have questions or run into difficulties. CAFR 1 Obtain a copy of a recent Comprehensive Annual Financial R eport.If I don’t have sufficient numbers for everyone, these may be obtained by writing or calling the director of finance in a city or state of your choice. You will have questions related to the annual report dealing with a number of the chapters in the textbook. Answer the following questions related to your CAFR. a. What are the inclusive dates of the fiscal year? b. Write the name and address of the independent auditor. Is the auditor’s opinion unqualified† If not, describe the qualification.Is the opinion limited to the basic financial statements, or does the opinion include combining and individual fund statements? c. Is the report separated into the three distinct sections: introductory, financial, and statistical? Does the report have a â€Å"single audit† section at the end? (A few CAFRs include their single audit report in the CAFR—see Chapter 13 for more detail of the single audit requirements. ) d. Does the report contain an organizatio n chart? A table of contents?A list of principal officials? A letter of transmittal? Is the letter of transmittal dated and signed by the chief financial officer? List the major items of discussion in the letter of transmittal. e. Does the report include a Management’s Discussion and Analysis? List the major items of discussion. f. Does the report include the government-wide statements (Statement of Net Assets and Statement of Activities)? g. Does the report reflect fund financial statements for governmental, proprietary, and fiduciary funds?List those statements. List the major governmental and proprietary funds (the funds that have separate columns in the governmental and proprietary fund statements. ) CAFR 2 Using your CARF, answer the following questions: a. Compare the items discussed in the MD&A in your CAFR with the list of items in this chapter. Which topics listed in this chapter are not in your CAFR? Which topics are in CAFR that are not listed in this chapter? Do y ou think your CAFR has a reasonably complete discussion? b.From the MD&A in your report, write a short summary of (1) the financial condition of your government, (2) a comparison of revenues compared with the prior year, (3) a comparison of expenses compared with the prior year, and (4) a comparison of budgeted and actual activity. c. From the Statement of Net Assets, write down the following: (1) unrestricted net assets—governmental activities; (2) unrestricted net assets—business-type activities; (3)restricted net assets by restriction—governmental activities; (4) restricted net assets by restriction—business-type activities; and (5) unrestricted and restricted net assets—component units. . From the Statement of Activities, write down the following: (1) net program expense (or revenue)—governmental activities; (2) net program expense (or revenue)—business-type activities; (3) net program expense (or revenue)—component units; (4) change in net assets—governmental activities; (5) change in net assets—business-type activities; and (6) change in net assets—components units. Do the ending net asset figures in this statement agree with the net asset figures in the Statement of Net Assets? e.From the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fun Balances for Governmental Funds, identify the names of the major governmental funds. CAFR 3 A. ) Look at the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances for the governmental funds. List the revenue source classes. Do they agree with those sources discussed in this chapter? Are expenditures reported by character? List the functional classifications under the current character classification. Do those classifications agree with those listed in the example shown in this chapter? Are Other Financing Sources and Uses presented separately?Does your report show transfers in? Transfers out? Capital leases? Proceeds of bonds? B. ) Look at the Budgetary Comparison Schedule in the RSI section of your annual Report (or Budgetary Comparison Statement, if that is used by your government) for the General Fund. Is the budgetary format used, or is the schedule in the format used for the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances? Does the report reflect the original budget, revised budget, and actual figures? Are variance columns presented comparing the actual with the revised budget? Comparing the original with the revised budget?Is a reconciliation between the budgetary basis of accounting and GAAP presented on the budgetary comparison schedule or in a separate schedule? What are the major differences, if any? Are budgetary comparison schedules (or statements) presented for special revenue funds? Are all special revenue funds included? C. ) Look at the note that describes the basis of budgeting (usually in the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies). Is the budget prepared on the GA AP basis or some other basis? Are the differences, if any between the budgetary basis and GAAP clearly explained?Do unexpected encumbrances lapse at year-end? If unexpected lapse, are they normally expropriated in the following year? Do the notes describe the budget calendar (a separate note may have this information)? Do the notes describe the legal level of budgetary control and the levels at which certain budget revisions might be made? Were budget revisions necessary during the year? CAFR 4 A. ) Look at the General Fund column of the Balance Sheet for governmental funds. What are the major assets? Liabilities? What reserves have been established for fund balance? Are any designations shown?Are taxes receivable offset by Deferred Revenues? Are the amounts the same? (If so, this would indicate cash accounting for property taxes. ) B. ) Look at the General Fund column of the governmental funds Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances. Prepare a schedule sho wing percentages of revenues by source. Prepare a schedule showing percentages of expenditures by function. Does your government have significant transfers in or out? Can you identify the fund that provide or receives these resources? Does your government have any other financing sources or uses?Special and/or extraordinary items? C. ) Does your government report any special revenue funds as major funds in the governmental fund statements? What are they? What are the major revenue sources? Expenditure functions? D. ) Review the notes to the financial statements to determine the measurement focus and basis of accounting used to prepare the governmental fund financial statement. Do the notes describe modified accrual accounting in a manner consistent with this book? Which revenue sources are subject to accrual? Are expenditures generally recognized when goods and services are received?Which specific modifications to accrual accounting are mentioned in the notes? E. ) Look at the Gener al Fund column of the governmental fund statements from the point of view of a financial analyst. Is the Fund Balance as the balance sheet dater larger or smaller than at the beginning of the year? Are reasons for the change apparent from the statements? Compute a ratio of fund balance/general fund revenues and compare it with your class member’s. CAFR 5 A. ) Look at the governmental fund financial statements. Are any major capital projects funds included? If so, list them.Attempt to find out the nature and purpose of the projects from the letter of transmittal, the notes, or MD&A. What are major sources of funding, such as bond sales, intergovernmental grants, and transfers from other funds? Were the projects completed during the year? B. ) Again looking at the governmental fund financial statements, are any major debt service funds included? If so list them. What are the sources of funding for these debt service payments? C. ) Does your report include supplemental informati on including combining statements for nonmajor funds? If so, are any capital projects and debt service funds included?If so, list them. Indicate the major revenue and other financing source categories for these funds. D. ) Look at the governmental fund Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances, specifically the expenditure classification. Compute a ratio of capital outlay/total expenditures. Again compute a ratio of debt service/total expenditures. Compare those with your classmates’ ratios. Comment on the possible meaning of these ratios. E. ) Look at the notes to the financial statements, specifically the note (in the summary of significant accounting policies) regarding the definition of modified accrual accounting.Does the note specifically indicate that modified accrual accounting is used for capital projects and debt service funds? Does the note indicate that debt serve payments, both principal and interest, are recorded as an expenditure when du e? F. ) Does your government report capital lease payable in the government-wide Statement of Net Assets? If so, can you determine if new capital leases were initiated during the year? Can you trace the payments related to capital leases? G. ) Does your government report permanent funds, either major or nonmajor? If so, list them.What are the amounts of the permanent resources available for governmental purposes? What is/are the governmental purpose(s)? CAFR 6 A. ) Find the Statement of Net Assets for the proprietary funds. Is the Net Asset or the Balance Sheet format used? List the major enterprise funds from that statement. Is the statement classified between current and noncurrent assets and liabilities? Are net assets broken down into the three classifications shown in your text? Is a separate column shown for internal service funds? B. ) Find the Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Assets for the proprietary funds.Is the â€Å"all-inclusive† format used? Are revenues reported by source? Are expenses (not expenditures reported by function or by object classification? Is depreciation reported separately? Is operating income, or a similar title, displayed? Are nonoperating revenues and expenses shown separately after operating income? Are capital contributions, extraordinary and special items, and transfers shown separately? List any extraordinary and special items. C. ) Find the Statement of Cash Flows for the proprietary funds. List the four categories of cash flows. Are they the same as shown in the text?Are interest receipts reported as cash flows from investing activities? Are interest payments shown as financing activities? Is the direct method used? Is a reconciliation shown from operating income to net cash provided by operations? Are capital assets acquired from financing activities shown as decreases in cash flows from financing activities? Does the ending cash balance agree with the cash balance shown in the Statement of Net Assets (note that restricted assets may be included)? D. ) If your government has a CAFR, look to any combining statements and list the nonmajor enterprise funds.List the internal service funds. E. ) Look at the financial statements from the point of view of a financial analyst. Write down the unrestricted net assets balances for each of the major enterprise funds, and (if you have a CAFR) the nonmajor enterprise funds and internal service funds. Look at the long-term debt of major enterprise funds. Can you tell from the statements or the notes whether the debt is general obligation or revenue in nature? Write down transfers for each of the funds. Compare these numbers with prior years, if the information is provided in your financial statements.Look at the transfers. Can you tell if the general government is subsidizing or is a subsidized by enterprise funds? CAFR 7 A. ) Look at the Statement of Fiduciary Net Assets. Which fund types are included? Is the Statement prepared in a fo rmat in which Assets – Liabilities = Net Assets? Are net assets shown as being held in trust for employee benefits and other purposes? Look at the Statement of Changes in Fiduciary Net Assets. Has the government refrained from including agency funds in that statement? Are increases and decreases shown as additions and deductions, rather than revenues and expenses?What are the main additions? What are the main deductions? B. ) Are agency funds included in the Statement of Fiduciary Net Assets? If so, look to the notes or combining schedules and list the individual agency funds. Has the government limited itself to agency funds that are held for individuals, organizations, or other governments—not for other government funds? Do agency funds report only assets and liabilities, not net assets? Does the government report a Statement or Schedule of Changes in Assets and Liabilities for agency funds? C. ) Does the government have private-purpose funds?If so, list them. Descri be the purposes for which they exist. Can you tell if any of those funds are endowments, and have resources permanently restricted? How much income was generated by each of the private purpose funds, and how much was released for use? Does the government report escheat property as private-purpose funds? Is so, indicate the nature of the process by which property is released and for what purpose. D. ) Does the government report investment trust funds? If so, describe the nature of the external investment pool. Which other governments are included?Has your government refrained from including its own investments in the investment trust funds? E. ) List the pension funds included in the financial statements. From the notes, list the other pension plans that are available to employees of your governmental unit. Are those plans agent plans or cost-sharing plans? Defined contributions or defined benefit? Are required disclosures made in the notes for all pension plans, whether or not the p lans are included as trust funds? Are the two RSI Schedules included in your report (when defined benefit plans are reported)?Look at the actuarial status of the plans and comment about the potential impact of pensions on the financial condition of the government. F. ) Look at the note disclosures regarding investments. Are investments reported at fair value? Do the notes disclose the realized gains or losses on investments? Do the notes categorize investments based on risk? When the government created internal investment pools for management purposes, does the government report the individual investments and income from those investments in the funds that provided the resources?CAFR 8 A. ) Find the reconciliation between the governmental fund balances and the governmental-type activities net assets. This might be on the governmental fund Balance Sheet or in a separate schedule in the basic financial statements. List the major differences. What is the amount shown for capital assets ? How much is due to the incorporation of internal service funds? Was an adjustment made for deferred property taxes or any other revenue? What is the adjustment due to the inclusion of long-term liabilities? What other adjustments are made?B. ) Find the reconciliation between the governmental fund changes in fund balances and the governmental-type activities changes in net assets. This might be on the governmental Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances or in a separate schedule. List the major differences. How much is due to the difference between depreciation reported on the Statement of Activities and the reported expenditures for capital outlays on the Statement of Revenues, Expenditures, and Changes in Fund Balances?How much is due to differences in reporting expenditures versus expenses for debt service? How much is due to the incorporation of internal service funds? How much is due to differences in reporting proceeds versus gains on sale of capital assets? How much is due to additional revenue accruals? How much is due to additional expense accruals? What other items are listed? C. ) Look at the Statement of Net Assets, especially the net asset section. Attempt to prove the Net Assets Invested in Capital Assets, Net of Related Debt figure from the information in the statement or the notes.List the individual items of net assets that are restricted; this might require examination of the notes to the financial statements. D. ) Look at the Statement of Activities. List the net exenses (revenues) for governmental activities, business-type activities, and component units. List the change in net assets for governmental activities, business-type activities, and component units. Attempt to find from the notes the component units that are discretely presented. E. ) Look throughout the annual report for disclosures related to capital assets.This would include the notes to the financial statements, any schedules, and information in the MD&A. Summarize what is included. What depreciation method is used? Are lives of major classes of capital assets disclosed? F. ) Look throughout the annual report for disclosures related to long-term debt. This would include the notes to the financial statements, any schedules in the financial and statistical sections, and the MD&A. Summarize what is included. Are the schedules listed in this chapter included? What is the debt limit and margin? What is the direct debt per capita? The direct and overlapping debt per capita?

Law as A Social Institution Essay

What does it mean to say that law is a social institution? In the light of a legal positivist view, law embodies and is contingent to the social construct within our society. Legal positivism is the notion that law depends on social fact and that its merits do not and should not reflect its intrinsic nature1. Law is simply not a set of rules and regulations that govern the way in which our society should be, but rather, an exhibition of how our society exists as it is2. That being said, a social institution is a pattern of beliefs and behaviors over time, as defined by Nicosia and Mayer as ‘a set of activities performed by specific people in specific places through time3. Therefore, law encompasses numerous social institutions such as family, homosexuals, or more specifically the Indigenous community etc. – an exhibition of how society exists as it is. The concept that law is a social institution will be discussed in the legal positivist framework particularly in close regard to homosexuality. Traditionally, homosexuality was seen as an immoral act, it was encoded under the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 Section 11 that an act of ‘gross indecency’ between two males led to a term of 2 years imprisonment. In the last century same-sex relationships have been considered acceptable in society. Harsh amendments in legislation against homosexuality grew unacceptable and argument arose that it was an ‘overreach’ in criminal law concerning homosexual behaviour4. As aforementioned, a social institution is the ‘interaction among activities, people, and places over time’5. The law essentially is a product of these institution’s morals, ideas and standards. The idea that law is a social institution is illustrated by the changes in law over time and the changes in attitudes towards homosexuality that arise simultaneously. There has been a gradual acceptance and legal recognition of same-sex relationships. This is evident in the evolving attitudes towards homosexuality reflected in various cases and legislation, in which the law has responded positively to the changes in these social standards. As seen in the case of Hope & Brown v NIB (1995)6, where the couple, Andrew Hope and William Brown attested to the Equal Opportunity Tribunal (EQT), arguing that NIB Health Fund Ltd had denied them access to a family health insurance policy on the basis of their sexual orientation. The EQT coerced  the insurance company to recognise the couple as a family in order for them to receive insurance. It was acknowledged that the policy was in fact discriminatory. A year later, the federal government recognised homosexual couples as a family unit in the 1996 consensus7. Additionally, amendments to the Health Insurance Act 1973 were carried through to recognise same-sex couples and their children as a family. In relation to the theory of legal positivism, these social standards have molded the law, reinforcing that law is dependent on a social construct. One of the most significant legislative changes was the passing of the Property (Relationships) Legislation Amendment Act 1999 (NSW)8, which granted rights to same-sex couples for the division of property and claiming finances, as well as access to the District Court in a relationship break down. This Act also gave same-sex couples inheritance rights in line with heterosexual couples. However, bearing in mind the theory of positivism, where law depends on social fact, there are other institutions such as religious groups, like the Australia Lobby Group that curb the acceptance of homosexuality in light of their own social standards. This is evident where the law does not encompass every aspect in the recognition and protection of same-sex couples. In addition, the Howard government passed the Marriage Amendment Act 2004 (Cwlth) consolidating that marriage in Australia is the union between man and woman only9. In effect, this governance affirmed their social institutional beliefs: opposition to same-sex marriages. Thus, demonstrating that law is a social institution because the law directly reflects the beliefs of the social institution, namely the government. We can infer that although the issue of marriage equality is shelved, it does not equate to the idea that the whole of society disapproves of marriage amongst same-sex couples, but that certain structured governances limit the extent to which these ideas are legislated. Law is based upon our morals and therefore should be an exact carbon copy of the beliefs and ideas of social institutions. However external systems, for example, law systems and governments, can limit the degree to which the law wholly represents social  institution, in this case, homosexuality. The fact that a policy may be seen as discriminatory, unjust, inefficient does not mean that policy is the law, or the fact that the policy is fair, just and efficient also does not make it law. By taking these authoritative systems out of the equation, law is intrinsically a social institution. In 2006, the Human Rights Commission published a report titled ‘Same-sex: Same Entitlements’, which found that 58 federal laws discriminated against same-sex couples in areas of financial and work-related entitlements10. This caused social upheaval amongst the homosexual community. The law responded and shaped into these morals, by means of the Family Law Amendment Act 2008 (Cwlth)11. Changes and alterations were made in federal laws to remove the provisions discriminating against homosexual couples, and thus, they were granted rights pertaining to financial matters. The theory of legal positivism is demonstrated here, where the Amendment mirrors the social fact that there is no sufficient reason for same-sex couples to be discriminated based on sexual orientation and should receive the same benefits, as heterosexual couples. Homosexuality is now a greatly accepted institution12 whereby the law embraces same-sex couples as equals with heterosexual couples. The Family Law Amendment Act 200813 and the Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Act 200814 is significant in the sense that same-sex marriage is now the point of legislative inequality between heterosexual couples and same-sex couples15. In essence, legal positivism is a construct that gives a greater understanding of law as a social institution. It is inextricably linked to the social order of society. Homosexuality exemplifies the positivist model through the alignment of developing attitudes and legislation amendments over time. This demonstrates the notion that the morals of our society set ideals for law to abide by. The way law and social construct interconnects means that law is man-made and built upon on patterns of beliefs and behaviour over a period of time. Word Count: 1318 References: Primary Sources of law: Family Law Amendment (De Facto Financial Matter and other Measures) Act 2008 (Cwlth) Hope & Brown v NIB Health Fund Ltd [1995] 8 ANZ Insurance Cases 61-269 Marriage Amendment Act 2004 Section 88EA Miscellaneous Acts Amendment (Same Sex Relationships) Act 2008 Secondary Sources of law: Austin, John (1832). The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Ed. W.E. Rumble, 1995. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Anthony, T. Sanson, M. Worswick, D (2010) Connecting with Law (2nd Edition), Chapter 1: Introduction: Overview of the Book, 4. Baker, MJ and Saren, M. (2010). Marketing Theory: A Student Text (2nd Edition). 154 Wilson, P and Brown J.W. 1973. Crime and the Community. St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. Boesenberg, J, Derwent, B, Hamper, D, Hayes, M, Thiering, N. Legal Studies HSC (Third Edition), Chapter 18: Contemporary issues concerning family law. 278 -297 â€Å"Marriage Equality and Public Opinion† Fact Sheet: http://www.australianmarriageequality.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/AMEpollfactsheet@Jun11.pdf

Statue of Liberty essays

Statue of Liberty essays For over a century, the Statue of Liberty has stood valiantly in the open air, symbolizing freedom throughout the world. She has held a patriotic place in each and every American heart since she was unveiled in October 1886. She has greeted all the immigrants into Ellis Island, announcing that their journey to the "land of the free" has finally come to an end. Her flaming torch, flowing robes, and spiked crown have long since been an inspiration for American Pride, and the supreme power and grace of her posture have given the United States a symbolic mascot that will forever display the power, wealth, and freedom of this great nation. The Statue of Liberty, officially Liberty Enlightening the World, was designed by French sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi and completed in July 1884. The Statue of Liberty was given by the French as a symbol of friendship. The Statue of Liberty is a monumental sculpture, portraying a woman escaping the chains of tyranny, which lie at her feet. Held aloft in her right hand is a flaming torch, representing liberty. Her left hand grasps a tablet on which is inscribed in roman numerals, the date the United States declared its independence, "July 4, 1776." She wears flowing robes, and the seven rays of her spiked crown symbolize the seven seas and continents. The statue commemorates the alliance between the United States and France during the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783, and was funded completely through the donation of the French people. The Statue of Liberty was declared a national monument in 1924. In order to prepare for the statue's centennial year in 1986, a French-American rehabilitation project repaired and cleaned the statue, replacing the glass-and metal torch with one covered in gold leaf. The complete Statue of Liberty national monument also includes both Liberty Island and Ellis Island. ...

Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Essays

Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Essays Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Paper Qualitative Research Assignment Essay Paper 1. Was there a clear statement of the purposes of the research? Yes. In the article. the purpose of the research was to understand the experience of participants. their cognition about type 2 diabetes. and the factors of medicine attachment in Malaysia. Harmonizing to Susan ( 2010 ) . the five constituents of PICOT are population. issue. context. result. and clip. Harmonizing to Al-Qazaz et Al ( 2011 ) . the PICOT was presented by the research worker in the survey were. Phosphorus: Type 2diabetes patients with receiving of hypoglycaemic medicine. I: Identifying participants’ perceptual experience. and their cognition about type 2 diabetes disease and medicine. Degree centigrade: USM clinic of Malaysia. where the survey took topographic point. Oxygen: It helps people populating with type 2 diabetes to hold a diverse apprehension by associating with other people’s experiences. Thymine: March and April of 2009. Qualitative PICOT is a model to assist in explicating effectual clinical inquiry in a step-by measure mode ( Melnyk and Fineout. 2010 ) . 2. Is a qualitative methodological analysis appropriate? Yes. Qualitative research is to analyze a person’s behaviour and lived experiences related to what is being studied in the research ( Denzin and Lincoln. 2011 ) . The cardinal features of qualitative survey in this article included a little sample size. in-depth interview ( semi-structured ) . research worker affecting during interview. non comparings and non numerical. In qualitative survey. sample size are normally little that achieve in-depth apprehension of the experiences or feeling of the participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Meanwhile. a semi-structured interview was used to roll up informations by gulling participants’ thoughts originating until no more new subjects emerging. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . semi-structured interview can supply rich and elaborate information during phenomenon survey. In this survey. a phenomenological attack was used to depict the purpose of the research. It is to understand the experiences of diabetic patients in Malaysia. and research their cognition about the medicines that they have been taking. Harmonizing to Judith ( 2007 ) . qualitative research is characterized by its purposes to understand the experiences and attitudes of patients. In brief. a qualitative methodological analysis is appropriate to this research. 3. Be the research design appropriate to turn to the purposes of the research? Yes. Harmonizing to NCBI ( 2014 ) . a Phenomenological survey can likely research participant’s lived experience. beliefs about the efficaciousness of the medicine. side-effects of drug and participants’ attachment to the intervention government. By the square. in this article. the purpose is to understand the participants’ experience and research their cognition and medicine attachment related on type 2 diabetes. Therefore. phenomenological attack is appropriate to turn to the purposes of the research. The advantages of Phenomenological survey is to uncover patients’ beliefs and experiences by a flexible manner to research the respondents’ attitude. and leting deep understanding about cognition and feeling of participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . However. its restriction is that samples are frequently little set and the research workers are non trying to generalise the findings. 4. Be the enlisting scheme appropriate to the purposes of the research? Yes. The research worker recruited participants from USM clinic and who were diagnosed type 2 diabetes while taking on hypoglycaemic medicines through a convenience sampling. Harmonizing to HRDAG ( 2013 ) . convenience sampling is to enroll participants from a peculiar clinical scene during informations aggregation of a qualitative research. Furthermore. convenience sampling is easy and efficient to pull out the greatest possible information from the new instances in the sample. until there is no new informations could be obtained and the redundancy of informations impregnation was achieved ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . However. convenience sampling may non be a preferable sampling in qualitative research due to unable to convey out the most information-rich beginnings and the representative of the population ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In this article. the information was merely obtained in one specific clinic. that would impact the credibleness of consequence. such as the inauspicious effects of medicine. and the satisfaction rates from wellness suppliers. It would be better if the research worker usage purpose trying into the survey. Purpose sampling is to take participants based on specific intents. and it is chiefly used in qualitative research ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . it can accomplish representativeness of the population and provide credibleness of the consequence. because the research worker will non merely concentrate on one clinic during enlisting of participants. 5. Were the informations collected in a manner that addressed the research issues? Yes. A semi-structured interview was developed for informations collection of the research. Semi-structured interview is a paper-based interview usher which contain open-ended inquiries and the participant to follows ( RWJF. 2008 ) . Furthermore. Semi-structured interview provide rich. elaborate information in the phenomenon survey ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the survey. the research worker has described in-depth interview to research patients’ beliefs and experiences. Besides. a consent signifier was signed by participants before interview. a direct Tell phone contact for set uping a clip of interview. Further more. all the interview has been audiotaped. and the research worker did line by line analysis and coding the information to place the cardinal subjects. The research worker interpreted to the participants who could non understand English during the interviewing by interpreting from a staff nurse to avoid prejudice that might impact the findings. In short. the informations collected were to the full addressed the research issue of this survey. 6. Have the relationship between research worker and participants been adequately considered? Yes. Qualitative research workers need to develop a strong relationships with participants in the survey to set up credibleness ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the article. all the participants were informed the intent of this survey. and a consent signifier was signed by each of them. The research worker besides made phone call to set up clip and topographic point that participants would wish to take for each interview. Besides. they are allowed to show their ain positions at the clip of interview. From the analysis above we can see the participants have been to the full respected by the research worker to derive their trust. Therefore. the relationship between research worker and participants has been adequately considered in this survey ( Al-Qazaz et al 2011 ) . However. there was no reference about reflexiveness by the research worker in this article. Harmonizing to RWJF ( 2008 ) . it described that reflexiveness is a procedure usage to exam researcher’s relationship to the respondent that refers to how the researcher’s values. beliefs. familiarities and involvements influence his/her research. It would be better if it is mentioned about how the research worker located herself or himself in the survey. the readers can place how it affect the information obtaining. that will derive the findings of the research to be more believable ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . 7. Have ethical issues been taken into history? Yes. In the survey. a regard for human self-respect was to the full presented based on informing the participants about the intent of survey. administering a consent signifier. and a direct phone contact before interview. The participants have been to the full respected by the research worker to profit every bit good as the individual’s rights. Besides. they are allowed to show their ain positions at the clip of interview. and the participants can take topographic point where they feel more convenience to be interviewed. It gave researcher a opportunity to research the depth-richness informations from participants. and heighten the participants’ liberty and namelessness in the survey. Further more. the survey was besides approved by the local moralss commission. In short. the ethical issues have been taken into the survey every bit good. There was no coercion could be found in the survey. However. the research worker did non advert about the confidentiality and how was data protected. Besides. they did non advert how many times participants understanding were checked before the consent signifier given. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . it is described that it must cover with ethical issues if the surveies affecting human existences. because the human rights must be protected. 8. Be the information analysis sufficiently strict? Yes. In the survey. the research worker has described clearly that a transcript of 12 audiotaped in-depth interviews were dual checked for its truth. And the research worker identified the emerging subjects via line by line informations analysis and coding the relevant content informations into classs until the informations impregnation was met and no more new informations emerging from the interviews. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . informations impregnation is a measuring of sample size that based on informational demands under the survey. It is to accomplish the cogency of informations analysis until no more new information can be obtained. However. the research worker failed to advert about member checking in this survey. It is non clear whether the research worker asked participants to reexamine and notice on the instance summaries or bill of exchanges of the research study. It will consequence the credibleness of the information. Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . member look intoing defined as the research worker confirm their informations truth by supplying a feedback to the participants during informations are being collected to guarantee that participants’ significance were understood. and it is for heightening proof of the research. Further more. the research worker mentioned their informations were analyzed by utilizing agencies of a standard content analysis model. Its purpose was achieved by a appropriate phenomenological design in this survey which have been discussed in inquiry two. Furthermore. the asperity and cogency can besides ensue in developing trustiness of qualitative research. and the five standard for rating the trustiness in the research include in credibleness. dependableness. confirmability. transferability. and genuineness ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . In the survey. a phenomenological design was conducted with a semi-structured interview of informations aggregation. and coding method for informations analysis. this can be sufficiently proved its credibleness. dependableness. and confirmability. Therefore. it can be said the information analysis of this survey is sufficient strict. 9. Is at that place a clear statement of findings? Yes. Four major subjects were clear stated in the survey which included ( 1 ) . Participants’knowledge about type 2 diabetes and its medicines ; ( 2 ) . Side-effects of medicines ; ( 3 ) . attachment issues ; ( 4 ) . relationship with household on wellbeing ( Al-Qazaz et al 2011 ) . Harmonizing to Polit and Beck ( 2012 ) . the research workers interpret the information by rereading. categorizing and cryptography. so developing a information analysis to indicate out the subjects into a incorporate whole. In this survey. the research worker used qualitative design to see progressively the transferability of the findings to reflect the true experiences of the participants. It is relevancy and accurately from the information. and give reader thought to the deductions of the survey for future research and pattern. Meanwhile. the research worker are in the best place to show their restrictions what they have been cognizant from the survey. Consequently. it told readers that the rese arch workers have done what they could make to vouch the findings were clearly and accurately every bit good. 10. How valuable is the research? The intent of qualitative research findings was described to research participants’ experiences to develop a specific nursing intercession for bettering a better results of patients. and as a potentially applicable grounds influencing in future pattern ( NCBI. 2011 ) . Overview this survey. a phenomenological attack that explore the purpose of the research. it is to understand the experience of participants. their cognition about type 2 diabetes. and the factors of medicine attachment in Malaysia. Besides. it allows a deep apprehension about cognition and feeling of participants ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Furthermore. a semi-structured interview was used to supply rich and elaborate information during the survey for its cogency ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Further. a convenience trying recruited participants and pull out the greatest possible information to accomplish informations impregnation for its cogency. Meanwhile. the ethical issues has been taken into history by the research workers to profit every bit good as the individual’s rights. On the other side. the research worker demonstrated their restrictions what they aware of the survey to heighten the findings more clearly and accurately. Sing quantitative findings. it is non generalizable that can be applied to full populations. nevertheless. it is generalizable in a manner this peculiarly pertinent to nursing pattern in which there is an outlook that scientific determination. and supply cognition about human experiences to readers for future research. Thus it can be seen. the research is rather valuable. Decision Critical assessment is a procedure to judge weather a research is usefulness or its findings are trusty ( Young and Solomon. 2009 ) . The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme ( CASP ) produced a simple critical assessment checklist usher people developing their accomplishments what they need to do sense of scientific grounds ( Burls. 2009 ) . All of above. by following the CASP checklist in quantitative research. it was presented a Randomized Controlled Trial Appraisal Tool. to measure the effectivity of intercession. a big sample size and a blinding to accomplish the dependability of the result and prevent prejudice. a intention-to-treat analysis to compromise the cogency of the survey. Furthermore. generalizability of the survey can be patterns in other states and helpful for farther survey. However. in qualitative research. the CASP is helped to understanding people’s lived experience and research participant’s experience of taking the drugs. beliefs about the efficaciousness of the drug. side-effects and the attachment of intervention government. A phenomenological method has been used in the qualitative survey through a semi-structured interview. convenience sampling and coding to uncover patient’s beliefs and experiences. and leting apprehension of the cognition and get bying schemes in which the quantitative research is unable to cover. More. in this qualitative survey. sample size is tend to be little. and the determination is non generalized ( Polit and Beck. 2012 ) . Both of research workers have considered cogency. findings. and its relevancy. However. in the qualitative article. if the research worker usage a intent trying method and reference about reflexiveness and member checking during informations aggregation. that will heighten cogenc y of the findings to be more accurate. Mention 1. Aveyard H and Sharp P ( 2009 ) A Beginner’s Guide to Evidence Based Practice in Health and Social Care Professions. Glasgow: Open University Press. 2. Al-Qazaz H. Hassali M and Sulaiman S ( 2011 ) Percept and cognition of patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia about their disease and medicine: A qualitative survey. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy 7: 180-191. 3. Bandolier ( no day of the month ) Intention-to-treat analysis ( ITT ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. medical specialty. ox. Ac. uk/bandolier/booth/glossary/itt. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 5/92014 ] . 4. Chan Z. Fung Y and Chien W ( 2013 ) Bracketing in Phenomenology: Merely Undertaken in the Data Collection and Analysis Process? The Qualitative Report. Volume 18. Article 59. 1-9 [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR18/chan59. pdf ( accessed 26/10/2014 ) 5. Denzin N and Lincoln Y ( Eds ) ( 2011 ) The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research ( 4thedition ) . Thousand Oaks: Sage 6. Human Rights Data Analysis Group ( 2013 ) Convenience Samples: What they are. and what they should ( and should non ) be used for [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //hrdag. org/convenience-samples-what-they-are/ ( accessed 3/9/2014 ) 7. LONDON SCHOOL of HYGLENE and TROPICAL MEDICINE ( no day of the month ) Qualitative methods utile for agribusiness. nutrition and wellness programmes. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //ble. lshtm. Ac. uk/pluginfile. php/54407/mod_resource/content/107/ANH101/sessions/S1S2/ANH101_S1S2_040_010. hypertext markup language ( accessed 28/10/2014 ) 8. Melnyk B. M and Fineout-Overholt E ( Eds ) ( 2010 ) Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing A ; Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice ( 2nd edition ) . United kingdom: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 9. MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES ( 2007 ) A Guide to Using Qualitative Research Methodology [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //fieldresearch. msf. org/msf/bitstream/10144/84230/1/Qualitative % 20research % 20methodology. pdf ( accessed 28/10/2014 ) 10. Melling A. Ali B. Scott E and Leaper D ( 2001 ) Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of lesion infection after clean surgery: a randomized controlled test. The lancet. 358: 876-880. 11. NCBI ( 2014 ) A phenomenological survey to research the experiences of Ugandan adult females that have undergone transvaginal ultrasound [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncbi. nlm. National Institutes of Health. gov/pmc/articles/PMC4175835/ ( accessed 1/9/2014 ) 12. NCBI ( 2011 ) Qualitative Research Findings as Evidence: Utility in Nursing Practice. [ on-line ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncbi. nlm. National Institutes of Health. gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021785/ [ Accessed 13 Nov. 2014 ] . 13. Polit D and Beck C ( Eds ) ( 2011 ) Nursing RESEARCH Generating and measuring Evidence for Nursing Practice ( 9th edition ) . United kingdom: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins 14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ( 2008 ) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project Semi-structured Interviews [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qualres. org/HomeSemi-3629. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 11 Nov. 2014 ] . 15. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation ( 2008 ) Qualitative Research Guidelines Project what is reflexiveness [ online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. qualres. org/HomeRefl-3703. hypertext markup language [ Accessed 12 Nov. 2014 ] . 16. Susan B. S. Fineout-Overholt E. Melnyk B. M and Williamson K. M ( 2010 ) Asking the Clinical Question: A Cardinal Measure in Evidence-Based Practice. The American Journal of Nursing. Vol. 110. No. 3. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nursingcenter. com/lnc/pdfjournal? AID=982283 A ; an=00000446-201003000-00028 A ; Journal_ID= A ; Issue_ID= ( accessed 22/10/2014 )

The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192%

The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% What if I told you that 77% of you will  get 192% more traffic from your social media posting schedule  when you follow the step-by-step, actionable advice from this post? I bet youd be amped. But wait- theres more! 40% of you will  get 268% more traffic. 37% of you will  get a whopping 483% more traffic. Heres proof of how this posting formula works: And that example is the success youll get  if you  apply this social media posting schedule only to Twitter for one week. The truth is you can  get more traffic from every social network with the  process youll learn when you read this post. You see, 77% of you share your content on social media only 1–3 times. Another 40% of you only share your content on social media just  two or three  times. And 37% of you share your content on social media just once after you publish it. Only once! This is not rocket  science. Rather, its a very simple formula  youll apply to your existing social media posting schedule to share your blog posts  in a matter of minutes. The process will help you grow your traffic, make the time you invest into writing blog posts totally worth it, and actually help you save time while getting organized. Here it is: Enticing social media messages + a game plan for promoting new posts + best daily social sharing frequency + sharing your best content again = A lot more  traffic from social media! The more compelling  social messages you send for your content, the more traffic youll get. Yeah, its that simple. This Is The #SocialMedia Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% Watch, Read, And Learn How To Plan The Perfect Social Media Schedule ... Sometimes it's easier to learn by watching rather than reading. That's why we've recorded a live webinar on this very topic. Watch the full video below:Watch how to rock a social media posting schedule to double your traffic!... Then Recharge Your Social Schedule With ReQueue You know is an effective marketing calendar for scheduling social media posts (alongside everything else). And it's even better with  ReQueue, the industry's most intelligent social media automation tool, built into . Here's what makes it different: Set it and forget it (with confidence): Reschedule your best-performing posts on autopilot. ReQueue will handle the rest. Get more mileage from your messages: Instead of sharing a great post once, share it multiple times to get bigger results with less effort. It puts YOU in control: A new feature called Placeholder Groups  makes it easy to create custom sharing schedules for specific groups of posts. Customize them by day or time,   and get more granular control over how you automate your sending frequency. Get all the details here. Then, when you're ready, start a free 14-day trial or schedule a demo with an expert. Ready to dig deeper? Keep reading. In this post, you'll learn the traffic-driving formula that'll work amazingly well every time you use it with your social templates in .  Rest assured though, you can rock the information from this post however you schedule your social media- whether it's in or not. Here we go. Step 1: Write  Compelling Social Media Messages That Get Clickthroughs Your social media messages are invitations to attend the party happening on your blog. No one wants to hit up  a lame party, just like no one wants to click through on an unappealing social message. Social messages are invitations to the party on your blog. Make sure it doesn't sound lame. #SMMThink of each message as a  call to action: Sell your followers on the value they'll get if they just click through to read your blog post. Or make them question a current belief with the promise of a better solution to a problem. Or make them feel like they're missing out on something amazing. You'll learn how to write social messages that'll have the  potential to draw 31.8% more clickthroughs than typical messages.  That's just from the message itself! Here's exactly how you're going to capture that traffic in your social media posting schedule: Write 25–30 Headlines For Every Blog Post You Write, Then Use The Inspiration For Social Shares This is a practice Upworthy is especially well-known for using with every blog post they publish. They've found the more headlines they write, the later ones get better and better than their first. Where Upworthy stops at 25 headlines, there's a reason to write 30 blog titles as a content marketer: How to, question, and list posts tend to get the most social shares. And hey, more social shares means more clickthroughs when you optimize those headlines. How to, question, and list posts tend to get the most social shares. #socialmedia #bloggingSo write 10 headlines for each of the most-shared headline styles, then choose the top one from each category to use in A/B/C tests with your social messages. Sound hard to get started?  I wouldn't give you advice without helping you put it into practice. Here are 10 templates of each headline type to get you started with your next blog post right now (just copy, paste, and tweak): How To How To Start _____ That Will Help You _____ How To Improve _____ So You'll Feel Like A _____ How To Grow _____ To Be A Successful _____ How To Increase _____ When You _____ How To Boost _____ With A _____ How To _____ For The _____ How To Make A _____ In A _____ How To Create The Best _____ In The World How To Run A Successful _____ To _____ How To Do Outstanding _____ On A ______ Question When Is The Best Time To _____? How Do You _____ When You _____? Will _____ Help You _____? Why Is _____ Better Than _____? What Can _____ Teach You About _____? Where Is The Best _____ To _____? How Can You _____ To _____? How Will _____ Make Your _____ More Successful? Is _____? Insider Advice to _____ What Really Is The Best _____? List 43 _____ From _____ Of The Most Popular _____ 20 Ways To Be _____ When You Don't Feel _____ 25 _____ That Will Amplify Your _____ The 6 Types Of _____ That Will Give You _____ 11 _____  That Will Make You _____ 23 Ways To Get Even More From _____ To _____ 10 Rules For _____ Your ______ Will Love The Easy 5-Step Process To _____ In Just 30 Days The 10-Minute, 10-Step Solution For The Best _____ 21+ Easy Ways To _____ That Will Skyrocket By _____ In 1 Year From here, you can run your headlines through the headline analyzer to choose the best ones for  your social media posting schedule. Here's a  social media hack you can use from this process to increase your clickthroughs: Share your best headline to  your Twitter account right when your blog post publishes. Share the best runner-up headline to the same Twitter account an hour later. Look at your Twitter Analytics to see which message received more clickthroughs. Change the headline of the blog post to the one that gets  more traffic, and use that winning headline more often in your subsequent social media posting schedule. You'll learn how to schedule your A/B test here in a couple steps. For now, let's continue learning  how to write compelling social messages that get clickthroughs. Ask Questions That Arouse Curiosity There's a lot of hoopla that asking open-ended questions helps continue a conversation. While that's definitely true, those questions actually hurt your clickthrough rate when you use them in your social media posting schedule. Let me explain. I analyzed a bunch of social messages that looked like this (open-ended questions): Then I compared the amount of clickthroughs of those social messages to ones like this (close-ended questions): The result? Close-ended questions get more clickthroughs than open-ended questions. In fact, on average, close-ended questions get 255% more clickthroughs than open-ended questions. Craziness. You may ask the open-ended question, "Why would close-ended questions  get more clickthroughs?" (See what I did there?) The answer involves a very simple psychological idea: People fear missing out on something. Linda Sapadin, Ph.D takes to the World of Psychology blog to explain: Missing out? But on what? On what other people are doing. They’re having exciting experiences that you’re not. Close-ended questions suggest that if you say "Yes" or "No" in your head, improvement is just a click away to experience the better results others are already rocking. Want to be a marketing pro? Heck yes,  you do. So why not click through to find out how? Want to be a marketing pro? Use #Nikes secret #marketing strategy tips. #blogging https://t.co/FLXWusJR0C pic.twitter.com/IDAMGDxP7I (@) January 13, 2016 Give Advice That Kinda Takes People Off Guard Imagine you're driving down the highway and you see a cow. There's nothing noteworthy  about it, just black and white in a field. Now, imagine you see a purple  cow. That's pretty remarkable and could cause you to stop to take a look at this super interesting animal that stands out from the crowd. You've probably heard that idea before from Seth Godin in a TED Talk like this: The thing is, sharing  remarkable social media messages in a sea of me-too shares  will make your content stand out like a purple cow in a herd of black and white. And, according to our research on social media posting schedules, it's the social messages that stand out- that are different than the rest- that get the most clickthroughs. Here are a few different types of social messages you could write to take your audience off guard: You Know Nothing, Jon Snow It's tough to hear that something you thought you knew was wrong. And, it turns out,  turning the tables on something that is generally accepted as true can increase the amount of clickthroughs you receive from your social messages. What you know about writing #SocialMedia messages is wrong. Here's what you can do about it.So what can you do to write messages that appeal to that feeling? It's called controversy, and you can write these types of social messages based on anecdotal information in your blog posts. Well, that might sound  kinda scary, but it's not. Let me explain: 1. Controversial content doesn't necessarily offend people. And in fact, if you want to get clickthroughs from your social messages, being offensive isn't what you're shooting for. You're looking to connect to the three Bs, as Gregory Ciotti explains: Behavior, belonging, and beliefs. So, if you create division within someone’s behavior, beliefs, or feeling of belonging, they will seek to either confirm your stance or disprove your stance, but either one is good for you because it creates buzz. Confirming or disproving? That needs a click-through to learn more. Controversial content doesn't necessarily offend people. #blogging #controversy2. Anecdotal information is the stuff that's based a lot on personal experience that's not necessarily true. You can find anecdotal inspiration in your own blog posts to write better social messages: Did you find  data that disproves a commonly accepted norm in your industry?  Share the data in a social message to catch attention. Does your post cover  an opinion that differs from lots of others in your niche? Share your thoughts in a social message. For example, Sujan Deswal  wrote a blog post  that mentioned it's OK to build upon the great ideas others have already come up with. So he  built upon Austin Kleon's idea  that nothing is original, which definitely ties into beliefs that people would like to either confirm or disprove. Sharing that anecdote in social messages influenced tons of social shares and click-throughs. Nothing is original. Now its time to publish better #content than anyone else. http://t.co/bwWk7ESvSi pic.twitter.com/nMJTuDoZ8l (@) October 3, 2015 Humor According to research from the New York Times' Customer Insight Group, 49% of people share content when  it's entertaining. Indeed, our own tests have verified that humor increases social shares and click-throughs. So, how can you include humor in your social messages? Julie has some advice: Write  a series of three, then break the pattern. Ever since you've been little, you've been conditioned to like series of threes: Goldie Locks And The Three Bears; Three Blind Mice; Three Little Pigs And The Big Bad Wolf; Father, Son, And Holy Spirit- the list goes on and on. The thing is, you expect a series of three to logically connect a pattern; but when the pattern is disconnected, it's funny. Example: How to increase your traffic by 192% by writing better messages, sharing more frequently, and bribing your co-workers with free pizza. Use cacophony. Yes, that's a real word you're probably laughing at right now. Cacophony is the words that sound funny because of harsh sounds that letters like K, G, D, B, P, and T make.  Think of words like cucumber, cupcake, car keys, hippopotamus and  the like. When you combine cacophony with alliteration, you can wreak havoc on the funny bone, as Julie says. Whip out Evernote and create a word bank  for the cacophonous words in your industry to use in your future social shares. Make your own comics. Julie suggests creating comics by drawing them yourself (if you're awesome enough to have at least some degree of drawing ability). You could also use  ToonDoo, MakeBeliefsComix, or tools from this article by Mashable  to make your own comics. Use GIFs.  GIFs are funny. And, they definitely drive traffic as we found from a recent case study at . Social messages with GIFs get  22% more engagement than messages with images.  And GIF messages get 167% more clickthroughs than messages with just images. Wowza. Are you using #humor in your social posts like you should be? #blogging #socialmediaFor example, if I wanted to complement this post with a GIF in a social message, I would use a GIF website like Giphy or Popkey to find something silly  that relates to the  actual message I'd like to share. Maybe like this: And then I'd complement it with a social message like this: Are you getting 167% more clickthroughs by using #gifs in your social messages?You get the idea. What's In It For Me? Ah, the classic question your readers ask themselves to justify how worthy your content is of their time. Show the benefits your social followers will experience if they simply click through to read your content. These are some of the oldie-but-goodie types of messages: Quote Chances are, you did a lot of research before you started writing your blog post that you're promoting with your social media posting schedule. So pull a quote from an influencer you referenced, and use it as inspiration for a social media message. Complement the quote with the reason why  your followers should click through to read your content. I guess that's also known as a call to action. Peter Drucker said, What gets measured gets managed. Heres how to do it. #marketing https://t.co/W7nCv9t7jh pic.twitter.com/cgur2tjNVB (@) November 5, 2015 It's easy:  Copy the quote from your article  and  include who gave the quote (@ing them on the social networks works well for this). Then  write something like, "Learn how to do it yourself now!" and link back to your blog post. Benefits Think about the unique value proposition behind your post- the problem you're solving for your readers through the gift of your content. Remember, your social media followers are selfish (not in a bad way). They just care about themselves a lot more than anyone else, and they click through to read content because of an emotional need to improve themselves. That process will help you write social messages that will connect with your audience's emotional reasoning to click through to read your content. If you look at that example, you gals and guys don't care as much about perfecting your social media posting schedule- you actually care about the outcome behind getting that process in order: More traffic, time savings, and getting organized would all make for perfect social messages that would complement this post. Snippet This one's pretty simple: Grab a cool sentence from your post and share it as a social message. Good #writers have to be able to analyze their own ideas and the ideas of others. https://t.co/RofqZewSFw pic.twitter.com/3tmfraqH61 (@) January 12, 2016 If you use the plugin, you're already used to looking for shareable soundbites from your blog posts to embed as visuals right inline in the context of your content: Want to write better #SM  messages? Include emotion and controversy, and ask close-ended questions.Use those as inspiration for your own social media posting schedule, too. Oh, and if you aren't using the plugin, it's free. It helps you get more social shares for your hard work. And you should use it. Get it for your WordPress blog right now. How To Write Better Messages With Social Templates In This is probably one of the coolest social media features you've seen in a long time, so hear me out. You just learned that these types of social messages get  the most traffic back to your content: Write emotional headlines with one version for list, how-to, and question to  share a few alternate versions and  diversify your social media posting schedule. Ask close-ended questions that inspire curiosity. Write controversial messages that take a stance on behavior, beliefs, or feeling of belonging to make your followers feel they have to click to confirm or disprove their stance. Use humor with the series of three pattern and GIFs. Quote an influencer and lead your followers to a call to action to read your post. Appeal to  the benefits or value proposition behind the click. Share a  helpful, informational, or practical snippet from your post. Let's say you want to share these seven types of messages  in your social media posting schedule for every blog post you publish. Because, ya know, these are proven to drive traffic back to your blog. You can now  write your messages with social helpers in to easily reuse your messages multiple times: Let me reiterate: Now you can write a batch of social messages once.  Then you can reuse those messages multiple times throughout a social media posting schedule of days, weeks, or even months after publishing your blog posts. And all of that without copying and pasting, without logging in and out of multiple networks, and without being available to schedule to your networks at all hours of the day. Pretty cool, right? So this is your next question: How should I add these super awesome messages into my posting schedule? Here ya go: Step 2: Follow A Proven Social Media Posting Schedule Template For Every New Blog Post A majority of you- 67% to be exact- spend at least 2–4 hours writing a blog post. Then you spend 30 minutes crafting your social messages. And after all that hard work, 77% of you only share your blog posts 1–3 times on social media. What's going on there? Why all the effort and barely any promotion? The good news is that by this point, you've written at least nine distinctively valuable social messages you can use to share your blog post more than one to  three times  without annoying your social media followers. Here's how to add those messages into your posting schedule: Know The Best Times To Share It just makes sense to schedule your social messages at the times when you typically get the most traffic from social media. So as you start developing your posting schedule template, use this Google Analytics custom report to find when your own audience is  most active on your social networks. When you first use the report, you'll see a landing page with a list of your networks.  These are sorted according to your highest-trafficked social networks according to page views. Click through to  any of your social networks  in that list to find the specific time  when you get that traffic. This data shows in military time with 0 being midnight and 23 as 11 p.m. You can use this information to plan  a data-driven posting schedule using the template in this post: For each social network, use the Google Analytics custom report  to find the best times when your own audience clicks through to read your content. Add the number of page views into your spreadsheet according to hour for each of your networks. An easy way to get the information out of Google Analytics is  by using the Export functionality. After that, you can Sort your data by hour and copy and paste it into your social media posting schedule template spreadsheet available in the kit that complements this post. Analyze when you get the most traffic for each network to help you share content at the absolute best times to get more traffic. Note: You can completely skip this step when you use . The data behind the best times to post on every social network is built right into your social media scheduling tool via the all-new best time scheduling feature. Yep. There's an easy button. Map Your Messages To  The Social Media Posting Schedule Template By this point, you know you'll write at least nine  different types of  social messages for every blog post you publish. And you know the best times to post  those messages to get more traffic. Now it's time to set up your posting schedule to promote your content for an entire month after it publishes.  Use your own data to  plan a posting schedule that looks something like this: There are a couple things to keep in mind when you get started: You can see how when you use multiple messages, you're able to share the same piece of content more often.  Use this mapping exercise to help you make sure every network gets lots of  message variation. You can share to some networks more  than others. This is partially  due to the concept that you can share more often daily to certain social networks like Pinterest and Twitter as compared to Facebook and LinkedIn. So now that you've set up a social media posting schedule for your brand new blog posts, it's time to explore peak social sharing frequency to help you add in more social messages for your older evergreen content. This will help you share your content more often to get more traffic, but all within the generally acceptable standards for each network. How To Share A New Blog Post For An Entire Month Without Annoying Your Followers #SMMStep 3: Know How Often To Post On Social Media Every Day This is actually one of the most popular user questions we hear: How often to post on social media per  day for each social account? As with a lot of topics surrounding your social media posting schedule, there is a bunch of data  to sift through to truly find the perfect amount: How Often To Post On Social Media According To Buffer Buffer came up with a fantastic set of guidelines, based on research and collecting data from others, on how often to post to specific social accounts. Schedule 3 tweets a day: Using data provided by Social Bakers, Buffer suggests that your engagement will drop a bit after your third tweet. However, you can see there is some extreme leeway in those numbers, with other data suggesting you could post up to 30 times a day and still have a positive impact on engagement. Schedule 2 Facebook posts a day: After about two Facebook posts each day, your likes and comments start to drop off a bit. This rounds out your weekly tally to about 10  a week, which is a sweet spot. Remember that uniqueness matters; you can share the same piece of content, but consider the copy and imagery that goes with it. You don’t want to be sharing the same exact thing constantly, unless you’re doing so because you're focusing on hitting different time zones with your content. Hubspot’s recent research into Facebook echoes this idea that flooding Facebook with posts is less successful; you’re better off creating truly unique and amazing social posts than getting wrapped up in quantity. Good thing you just learned how to do that. ;) Schedule 1 LinkedIn post a day: Using LinkedIn’s own guide- which suggests sharing 20 times a month will reach 60% of your audience- Buffer broke it down into sharing a single post a day on the network. With such singular focus, make that post count. Spend some significant time on the copy and imagery since you'll have fewer posts on your total LinkedIn profile with this recipe. Schedule 3  Google+ posts: Averaging out two separate data sources, Buffer suggests posting no more than three times each day to the Google+ network. Of course, they also noted that regular Google+ users noticed significant traffic drops (50% or more) when posting dwindled, so look at the three-post suggestion as a guide for typical users. Heavier users of Google+ may want to consider a higher amount. Share  5 Pins a day:  Buffer discovered that brands were finding some serious success with Pinterest with a fairly heavy amount of posting (between three to ten posts per day). Five posts a day is a lot, particularly if you don’t have a lot of content to work with just yet. But definitely no less than three posts a day if possible. Share 1.5 times to Instagram: How do you post half a post? It’s like reading demographics about 1.2 people- seems messy. Again, this is a composite amount Buffer has come up with based on available data. If you can make your posts unique, high quality, and valuable, you can get away with posting as much as you want without penalty. But you should at least post 1.5 (OK, two) times a day on Instagram. How Often Should You Post To #SocialMedia?How Often To Post On Social Media According To  Constant Contact Email newsletter provider Constant Contact also did some research and came up with their own recipe for daily social sharing. It’s not identical to Buffer’s approach, but you may spot some similarities. This recipe is calculated on a weekly basis instead of daily. Schedule 35 tweets a week: Constant Contact describes Twitter as a â€Å"high volume low-value network† meaning you can post a lot, and have to, because the firehose is always on. They suggest a minimum of five posts a day, which comes out to 35 posts a week (I counted weekends and used a seven-day week, since Twitter is active outside the work week, too). There is no maximum in this recipe. Schedule 3 Facebook posts a week: Constant Contact describes Facebook as a â€Å"low volume high-value network† meaning that posting too much is a bad idea. They suggest a minimum of three times a week, and a maximum of ten times a week. Quality social posts is the key here. Schedule 2 LinkedIn posts a week: Similar to the volume/value of Facebook, this recipe calls for a minimum of two posts a week, with a maximum of five times a week. Most LinkedIn users are professionals, so maximize the work week when you schedule. Schedule 3 Google+ posts a week: Similar to Facebook, in terms of how the network operates, Constant Contact recommends a similar approach. Post a minimum of three times a week, and no more than 10 a week. Share 35 Pins a week: Constant Contact calls Pinterest a â€Å"high volume high value† network. Post lots and get lots. They suggest a minimum of five times a day (35 times a week, including weekends) and a maximum of ten times a day (70 times a week). These recipes may or may not be to your liking based on how well your followers engage with it combined with  how well you can keep up these frequencies and still create great social posts. There is no gold standard. To top it off,  Hubspot did some interesting research looking at social posts based on industry, and found out that not every industry (i.e. type of audience) was looking for the same thing. Some industries required fairly high posting frequencies (e.g. marketing) while others were less so (e.g. business and financial services). So What Really  Is The Best Number For How Often To Post To Social Media For Every Network? We took a look at tons of different research from lots of different sources on how often to post on social media, and guess what? Their advice varied, and sometimes very significantly: DowSocial Nulou Localvox Buffer Quick Sprout HubSpot Mari Smith Michelle MacPhearson Ahalogy Constant Contact But. We punched the numbers  on  all of their suggestions- minimum and maximum social media posting frequencies- to come up with solid numbers you can start with, then test your own results to adapt for your audience. This formula  is based purely on data from experts and may serve well as a starting point for  building your audience on the specific networks: Twitter: 15 tweets per day Facebook: 1 post per day, 2 posts per day if your audience is more than 10,000 friends LinkedIn: 4 posts a week, nearly 1 every weekday Google+: 2 posts every weekday Pinterest: 9 Pins every day Note: Some sources said there was no daily maximum posting frequency for Twitter. I  called shenanigans on that (because what if someone posted 300 or heck, 1,000 times a day?!) and set the maximum to 51 Tweets per  day, a posting frequency  we've seen Jeff Bullas use to share his content on Twitter (which doesn't include replies). Now,  you've learned a lot. The big takeaway is this: You can fill up  your posting schedule- and share the optimal amount of messages every day- by sharing your older content. Step 4: Set Up A New Social Media Posting Schedule For Your Most Successful Older Blog Posts You can get more traffic from your posting schedule by sharing  a few more messages every day. Even though you've added lots of variety to the messages you write, it's also helpful to share a wide range of content that will make your  networks' news feeds look diverse, too. Plan To Share Your Best-Performing Recent Content Social shares  are like upvotes for your content- they help you understand which blog posts your audience finds so helpful, entertaining, or interesting that they want to share them with their own followers. You can use that information to help you decide which blog posts to continue sharing after your initial posting schedule for new content runs out of messages. Here's a simple data-driven process to help you know which blog posts to share again: Look at your last two month's worth of blog posts. Collect the shares information from your  social media editorial calendar using Social Analytics:From there, find the average shares a typical post gets by using this simple formula:  sum of all blog post shares à · number of blog posts in your sample = average number of shares per blog post. Now, when a blog post runs through its original social media posting schedule, simply look at the number of shares it received. If it got more than your average blog post, schedule more social shares for that blog post. For example, if I used the formula and found that an average post gets 250 social shares, then I'd  reshare content that got more than the average of 250 shares. This is an example of a good posting schedule you could follow with your own older content: This is the same process the team at uses to strategically choose which content our audience (that would be you)  likes the most so we continue to share only the best stuff that you find extremely valuable. You can do it, too, and you'll see growth in followers and more traffic to your blog content. Share Even Older Stuff That's Still Awesome Still, you might have other evergreen blog posts that just keep bringing in the traffic when you share them.  Share those again to fill up your daily maximum social sharing frequency. Here's how to find the content your followers would love to see again: Look at your  most-shared blog posts using the top posts feature in . From there, you can easily see which content of yours is most popular and quickly schedule a new posting schedule for these blog posts. You can also look at your Google Analytics to see  which posts are getting the most page views and sessions. From there, you know which blog posts are naturally bringing in traffic back to your blog, so it just makes sense to share those posts again with a new posting schedule. To make this process really efficient, block off time on your to-do list to find multiple old blog posts to schedule your shares at once. That doesn't mean you'll share all of the messages right now or at the exact same time. Rather, it means  that you'll dedicate time once to schedule  several days worth of social shares so you can set it and forget it. To do that, you might want a few  posting schedules to help you share your older blog posts  so  the shares stagger well: The good news is that you can set up as many social templates in   as you need  to follow all of this advice: One for brand new posts One for re-sharing your recently published posts As many as you'd like for sharing older blog posts You can get started now with your 14-day free trial of   to  schedule better social messages than ever. Keep Your Social Media Schedule Full With ReQueue We've gone through a lot of information in this post so far. Congrats on making it this far. As a reward for your perseverance, we're going to let you in on a feature in that can make scheduling social media posts a whole lot easier. It's called ReQueue, and it makes it easy to automatically reshare evergreen content at the best times with just a few clicks. This video explains how it works:Recommended Reading: ReQueue: The Most Intelligent Way to Automate Your Social Media Now You Know How To Plan Your Social Media Posting Schedule To Grow Your Traffic Let's review what you just learned to help you share to social media better than ever: Write unique social messages that stand out in busy news feeds. Test different headlines, ask questions, spark controversy, include humor, use a quote, appeal to the benefits, and share a snippet. Create a social template for every new blog post you publish. Use the Google Analytics custom report  to find your best times, then map your social messages to a whole month of social shares. Know how often to post on social media to get the most traffic  without turning off your followers. Schedule  15 tweets a day, one  Facebook post a day (two if you have more than 10,000 friends), four LinkedIn posts per week, two Google+ posts every weekday, and nine Pins a  day. Schedule messages for your older content with a few different social templates. Stagger the times and days to share helpful content consistently while avoiding bombarding any network with too many messages. You've got this! When you're ready to push the easy button, try out the new social templates feature in to put all of your work to great use super easily.